
By Thomas Georges
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Additional resources for Digital Soul: Intelligent Machines And Human Values
Sample text
Viewed from the outside, all goal-seeking mechanisms act the same, whether the goals are simple or complex, and regardless of what kind of agent pursues them. Goals and Values Understanding one’s goals and making decisions about how to reach them are clearly important components of human intelligence. Whenever people set goals, they are influenced and guided by built-in cognitive biases that we call values. But where do values come from? Some values, like our strong desires to protect offspring and to acquire and defend territory, seem to be genetically programmed.
It’s a trade-off between control and convenience. The same kind of trade-off applies to the design of any intelligent machine. If you want a robot to do your grocery shopping, you can imagine a very smart machine that automatically senses which groceries you have run out of, as well as the ones you need for the meals you plan. It decides when it needs to shop. It knows the way to the 52 digital soul market and where to find everything. It comparison-shops for the most economical brands and sizes, and so on.
1 By suitably defining these words, you can get any answer you want. ”2 Yet in our daily speech, we often attribute thinking to machines. ” When I have a fire going in my living room, I sometimes say that the thermostat thinks it’s warm enough and doesn’t turn the furnace on, even though it’s freezing in my bedroom. Are these merely anthropomorphisms, or are we attributing rudimentary thinking powers to those machines? 3 Most of the philosophical verbiage spent addressing such questions can be bypassed if we agree that there is no sharp boundary or test (such as the Turing test) that separates thinking from nonthinking entities, that is, that intelligence has no precise definition.